MANUAL 06 / REFERENCE INDEX

Tirzepatide: Reference Index

  1. Willard FS, Douros JD, Gabe MBN, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020.
  2. Lee CJ, Mao H, Thieu VT, et al. Tirzepatide as Monotherapy Improved Markers of Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-1). Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2023.
  3. Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
  4. Ludvik B, Giorgino F, Jódar E, Frías JP, et al. Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3). Lancet. 2021.
  5. NCBI Bookshelf. Tirzepatide — StatPearls. StatPearls / NCBI Bookshelf. 2024.
  6. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). New England Journal of Medicine. 2022.
  7. Jastreboff AM, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Obesity. 2025.
  8. Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, Bays HE, Wharton S, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024.
  9. Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, Weaver TE, Redline S, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA). New England Journal of Medicine. 2024.
  10. Garvey WT, et al. (SURMOUNT-5 Investigators). Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). New England Journal of Medicine. 2025.
  11. SURPASS CVOT Investigators. SURPASS CVOT: cardiovascular benefits with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes. PubMed / SURPASS-CVOT program. 2025.
  12. Lingvay I, Mosenzon O, Patel H, et al. Systolic blood pressure reduction with tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: insights from SURPASS clinical program. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2023.
  13. Thomas MK, Nikooienejad A, Bray R, et al. Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2021.
  14. Patel H, Khunti K, Rodbard HW, Bajaj HS, Bray R, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events and weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide in the SURPASS clinical trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2024.
  15. Rubino DM, Pedersen SD, Connery L, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability and weight reduction associated with tirzepatide in adults with obesity or overweight with and without type 2 diabetes in the SURMOUNT-1 to -4 trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2025.
  16. US Food and Drug Administration / Eli Lilly. ZEPBOUND (tirzepatide) injection — Prescribing Information (FDA label). FDA Prescribing Information. 2024.
  17. Zeng Q, Xu J, Mu X, Shi Y, Fan H, Li S. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2023.
  18. Schneck K, Urva S. Population pharmacokinetics of the GIP/GLP receptor agonist tirzepatide. CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology. 2024.
  19. Urva S, Quinlan T, Landry J, Ma X, Martin JA, Benson CT. Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of the Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2022.
  20. Alsuwailem OA, Alanazi R, Almutairi HM, et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Use: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2025.
  21. Regmi A, Aihara E, Christe ME, Varga G, Beyer TP, et al. Tirzepatide modulates the regulation of adipocyte nutrient metabolism through long-acting activation of the GIP receptor. Cell Metabolism. 2024.